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Alloy Steel A335 Gr.P91 Pipe is a high-performance, heat-resistant alloy steel pipe designed for high-temperature and high-pressure applications. It is widely used in power plants, petrochemical industries, and boiler systems due to its superior mechanical properties and long-term durability under extreme conditions.
Manufactured as seamless pipes, A335 Gr.P91 ensures uniform composition and superior quality. These pipes are engineered to withstand thermal fatigue, creep, and oxidation, making them ideal for use in superheater, reheater, and steam generator applications where reliability and safety are critical.
ASTM A335 / ASME SA335 Gr.P91 covers seamless ferritic alloy steel pipes intended for high-temperature service. The “P” stands for “Pipe,” while “91” indicates the specific alloy grade containing a higher percentage of Chromium, Molybdenum, and Vanadium. These elements together enhance strength, toughness, and resistance to oxidation. The pipes conform to global standards such as ASTM, ASME, and DIN, ensuring superior performance and international compatibility.
The chemical composition of Alloy Steel A335 Gr.P91 includes Chromium (8.00–9.50%), Molybdenum (0.85–1.05%), Vanadium (0.18–0.25%), and Niobium (0.06–0.10%), with controlled levels of Carbon, Manganese, Silicon, and Nitrogen. This advanced alloy combination provides outstanding high-temperature strength and resistance to oxidation and corrosion. The inclusion of Vanadium and Niobium significantly enhances creep strength and structural stability.
The chemical composition of Alloy Steel A335 Gr.P91 includes chromium and molybdenum, which provide excellent corrosion resistance, toughness, and high-temperature strength. This makes P91 pipes highly suitable for transporting high-pressure steam, hot fluids, and gases in industrial setups.
These pipes exhibit superior mechanical properties, including high tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness, even under extreme operating conditions. They can be welded, fabricated, and machined without compromising their structural integrity, making them versatile for various industrial projects.
A335 P91 pipes are renowned for their superior mechanical performance. They offer a minimum tensile strength of 585 MPa and a minimum yield strength of 415 MPa, along with excellent elongation and impact toughness. These properties ensure that the pipes maintain integrity under severe thermal and mechanical stresses, making them ideal for use in high-pressure and high-temperature environments such as superheaters and reheater tubes.
The manufacturing of Alloy Steel A335 Gr.P91 pipes involves seamless hot-forming followed by controlled heat treatments such as normalizing and tempering. This process ensures uniform grain structure, enhanced toughness, and exceptional mechanical properties. The seamless nature eliminates weak points like welds, making the pipes highly reliable for use in critical service applications.
Specification Table
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Standard | ASTM A335 / ASME SA335 |
| Grade | P91 |
| Type | Alloy Steel, Seamless Pipe |
| Material | Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy Steel |
| Application | High-temperature service, Power plants, Boilers, Heat exchangers |
| Temperature Range | Up to 600°C (1112°F) |
| Pressure Rating | High-pressure service as per ASME standards |
| Pipe Form | Seamless |
| End Connections | Plain ends, Beveled ends |
| Testing | Hydrostatic test, NDT (Ultrasonic, PMI), Mechanical testing as per ASTM A335 |
Chemical Composition (Typical ranges for SSS32760)
Note: Values are typical ranges. Final composition will be confirmed on MTC provided per lot.
| Element | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.08 - 0.12 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 8.0 - 9.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.85 - 1.05 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.40 - 0.60 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.40 max |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.20 - 0.50 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.18 - 0.25 |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.06 max |
| Copper (Cu) | 0.40 max |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.02 max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.01 max |
Mechanical Properties (Typical)
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum Yield Strength (YS) | 415 | MPa |
| Minimum Tensile Strength (UTS) | 585 - 760 | MPa |
| Elongation (in 50mm) | 20 min | % |
| Impact Energy (Charpy V-notch) | 47 | J at 20°C |
| Hardness (Brinell) | ≤ 248 | HB |
| Creep Strength | 41 MPa at 600°C for 100,000 hours | MPa |
| Operating Temperature | Up to 600 | °C |
Equivalent Grades
| Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| ASTM | A335 P91 |
| EN / DIN | 1.4903 / X10CrMoVNb9-1 |
| JIS | SCM 9 |
| BS / EN | EN10216-2 P91 |
| API | API 5L X90 |
Dimension & Weight Chart (Selected common sizes)
Below is a representative chart showing outside diameter, wall thickness, inside diameter, cross-sectional area of metal and calculated weight per metre (kg/m). Values are calculated using density = 7.93 g/cm³ and are for guidance — use actual MTC values for procurement & engineering.
| Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) | Outer Diameter (OD) | Wall Thickness (WT) | Weight per Meter |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1/2" | 21.3 mm | 2.77 mm | 1.68 kg/m |
| 3/4" | 26.7 mm | 2.87 mm | 2.20 kg/m |
| 1" | 33.4 mm | 3.38 mm | 2.90 kg/m |
| 1 1/2" | 48.3 mm | 3.91 mm | 4.90 kg/m |
| 2" | 60.3 mm | 4.85 mm | 6.60 kg/m |
| 3" | 88.9 mm | 5.54 mm | 11.60 kg/m |
| 4" | 114.3 mm | 6.02 mm | 16.80 kg/m |
| 6" | 168.3 mm | 7.11 mm | 27.20 kg/m |
| 8" | 219.1 mm | 8.18 mm | 41.60 kg/m |
| 10" | 273.0 mm | 9.27 mm | 59.60 kg/m |
| 12" | 323.9 mm | 10.97 mm | 83.60 kg/m |
Types Of Alloy Steel A335 Gr.P91 Pipes and Tubes
SS S32760 Seamless Pipe
SS S32760 Welded Pipe
SS S32760 ERW Pipe
SS S32760S EFW Pipe
Low Temperature Carbon Steel A333S Seamless Tube
S32760H Super Duplex Steel Welded Tube
S32760 Super Duplex Steel Capillary Tube
S32760H Super Duplex Steel Heat Exchanger Tubes
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: What is Alloy Steel A335 Gr.P91 Pipe?
A1: Alloy Steel A335 Gr.P91 Pipe is a high-performance, heat-resistant seamless alloy steel pipe used in high-temperature and high-pressure applications such as power plants, boilers, and petrochemical industries.
Q2: What are the key chemical elements in P91 pipes?
A2: The key elements include Chromium (8-9.5%), Molybdenum (0.85-1.05%), Carbon (0.08-0.12%), Manganese (0.40-0.60%), and minor additions of Vanadium, Nickel, and Silicon for enhanced strength and corrosion resistance.
Q3: What is the maximum operating temperature of A335 Gr.P91 Pipes?
A3: These pipes can typically operate at temperatures up to 600°C (1112°F) in high-pressure service applications.
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