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D2 Tool Steel Angle & Channel are made from high-carbon, high-chromium air-hardening tool steel, renowned for its outstanding wear resistance and dimensional stability. This grade is often referred to as “semi-stainless” due to its high chromium content and ability to resist corrosion under moderate conditions. D2 is widely used in applications requiring long-lasting sharpness and precise performance. It is suitable for heavy-duty forming, punching, and cutting tools where reliability and toughness are essential.
D2 Tool Steel exhibits a combination of high hardness, compressive strength, and abrasion resistance after heat treatment. Its air-hardening capability minimizes distortion during quenching, making it ideal for precision tools. With a typical hardness range of 55–62 HRC, it provides excellent performance in high-stress environments. This makes it a preferred choice for die blocks, punches, and shearing blades that require superior dimensional accuracy and durability over time.
The manufacturing process of D2 Tool Steel Angle & Channel involves hot rolling, precision machining, and controlled heat treatment for uniform hardness. These sections are available in both annealed and pre-hardened conditions depending on user requirements. D2 is capable of achieving a fine-grained microstructure, resulting in improved toughness and machinability. Proper heat treatment cycles enhance wear resistance while maintaining dimensional stability, ensuring consistent quality for high-performance applications.
D2 Tool Steel Angle & Channel are commonly used in industries such as die-making, automotive, aerospace, and heavy machinery. They are ideal for components like forming dies, blanking dies, punches, cutting tools, and industrial knives. Their exceptional edge retention and toughness make them reliable in conditions involving repetitive impact or abrasion. D2 sections are also used in guide rails, wear strips, and fixtures that demand a balance of hardness and stability.
The primary advantages of D2 Tool Steel Angle & Channel include excellent wear resistance, high hardness, and minimal distortion during hardening. They maintain their cutting edges for long service life and are resistant to deformation under high loads. The material also offers fair corrosion resistance compared to other tool steels, reducing maintenance in harsh environments. These properties make D2 an economical yet high-performance choice for cold work tooling and mechanical parts.
D2 Tool Steel is best machined in the annealed state and requires sharp tools for precision cutting. It responds well to standard heat treatment procedures, including preheating, hardening, and tempering, to achieve the desired hardness levels. After hardening, D2 must be double-tempered to relieve internal stresses and improve toughness. Proper processing enhances its dimensional stability, allowing for close tolerance finishing and reliable performance in demanding production environments.
D2 Tool Steel Angle & Channel provide a superior combination of toughness, wear resistance, and hardness, making them ideal for long-term industrial use. Whether in dies, punches, or cutting blades, D2’s consistent strength and minimal distortion ensure exceptional reliability. With its proven track record in demanding applications, D2 remains a top choice among tool steels for precision engineering. Available in standard and custom sizes, these sections deliver performance and durability for modern manufacturing environments.
Specification Table
| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Grade | D2 Tool Steel (AISI D2 / DIN 1.2379 / X153CrMoV12) |
| Type | Air-Hardening Cold Work Tool Steel |
| Standard | ASTM A681, DIN EN ISO 4957 |
| Hardness (HRC) | 55 – 62 HRC (after heat treatment) |
| Density | 7.7 – 7.8 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1420 – 1460°C |
| Form Availability | Angles, Channels, Bars, Flats, Blocks |
| Surface Finish | Hot Rolled, Annealed, or Pre-Hardened |
| Heat Treatment | Preheat at 870°C, Harden at 1010–1040°C, Double Temper at 150–540°C |
| Applications | Dies, Punches, Shear Blades, Forming Tools, Industrial Knives |
Chemical Composition (Typical ranges for SSIS)
Note: Values are typical ranges. Final composition will be confirmed on MTC provided per lot.
| Element | Percentage (%) | Function / Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 1.40 – 1.60 | Increases hardness, wear resistance, and strength |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11.00 – 13.00 | Enhances corrosion resistance and wear resistance |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.70 – 1.20 | Improves hardenability and strength at elevated temperatures |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.70 – 1.00 | Refines grain size and improves toughness |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.20 – 0.60 | Enhances strength and hardenability |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.20 – 0.40 | Improves strength and oxidation resistance |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.030 | Kept low to maintain toughness |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 | Improves machinability when controlled |
Mechanical Properties (Typical)
| Property | Value | Condition / Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness (Annealed) | 217 – 255 HB | Soft annealed condition for machining |
| Hardness (Hardened) | 55 – 62 HRC | After heat treatment and tempering |
| Tensile Strength | ~1900 MPa | Hardened and tempered condition |
| Yield Strength | ~1600 MPa | Hardened and tempered condition |
| Elastic Modulus | ~210 GPa | Typical for tool steels |
| Impact Toughness (Charpy V-notch) | 15 – 25 J | Moderate toughness for cold work steels |
| Compressive Strength | ~2750 MPa | At 60 HRC hardness level |
| Density | 7.7 – 7.8 g/cm³ | Room temperature |
Equivalent Grades
| Standard | Grade | Country / Specification |
|---|---|---|
| AISI / SAE | D2 | United States |
| UNS | T30402 | United States |
| DIN | 1.2379 | Germany |
| EN | X153CrMoV12 | Europe |
| BS | BD 2 | United Kingdom |
| JIS | SKD11 | Japan |
| GOST | Х12М | Russia |
| ISO | 16047 | International Standard |
Dimension & Weight Chart (Selected common sizes)
Below is a representative chart showing outside diameter, wall thickness, inside diameter, cross-sectional area of metal and calculated weight per metre (kg/m). Values are calculated using density = 7.93 g/cm³ and are for guidance — use actual MTC values for procurement & engineering.
| Section Type | Size (mm) | Thickness (mm) | Weight (kg/m) | Approx. Width (mm) | Approx. Height (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equal Angle | 25 × 25 | 3 | 1.12 | 25 | 25 |
| Equal Angle | 40 × 40 | 4 | 2.35 | 40 | 40 |
| Equal Angle | 50 × 50 | 5 | 3.65 | 50 | 50 |
| Equal Angle | 65 × 65 | 6 | 5.48 | 65 | 65 |
| Equal Angle | 75 × 75 | 8 | 8.50 | 75 | 75 |
| Channel | 75 × 40 | 5 | 5.90 | 75 | 40 |
| Channel | 100 × 50 | 6 | 8.50 | 100 | 50 |
| Channel | 125 × 65 | 6 | 10.80 | 125 | 65 |
| Channel | 150 × 75 | 7 | 14.20 | 150 | 75 |
| Channel | 200 × 100 | 8 | 21.30 | 200 | 100 |
Types Of D2 Tool Steel Angal channel
Stainless Steel Angal & channel
Monel 400 Angal & channel
Inconel 600 Angal & channel
Aluminium Bronze Angal & channel
Super Duplex Angal & channel
Duplex Angal & channel
Nickel Angal & channel
Monel K500 Angal & channel
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is D2 tool steel and why is it used for angles & channels?
D2 is a high-carbon, high-chromium air-hardening tool steel known for excellent wear resistance and good compressive strength. For angles and channels, D2 is selected when components require abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, and the ability to hold a sharp edge in demanding tooling or wear-part applications.
What is the typical chemical composition of D2 tool steel?
Typical composition (approx.): 1.50–1.60% C, 11.00–13.00% Cr, 0.60–1.00% Mn, 0.30–1.00% Si, 0.70–1.20% V (trace), balance Fe. The high carbon and chromium form hard carbides that give D2 its wear resistance.
What mechanical properties should I expect for D2 angles & channels?
After proper heat treatment, expect high hardness (typically 55–62 HRC for tooling use), good compressive strength, and moderate toughness compared with low-alloy steels. As-supplied (annealed), the steel will be much softer for easier machining and forming.
How should D2 angles & channels be heat treated?
Common practice: preheat to remove stresses, harden by austenitizing (typical range ~1000–1020°C / 1830–1870°F — follow supplier spec), then oil or air quench (D2 is air-hardening but many shops use controlled cooling), followed by multiple tempering cycles (e.g. 2–3 × at 150–550°C depending on desired hardness/toughness). Exact parameters depend on section size and desired final hardness — consult the steel datasheet or your heat treater.
Is D2 easy to machine and form into angles & channels?
In the annealed (soft) condition D2 can be machined and formed, but it is harder to machine than low-carbon steels because of its alloying. Use sharp carbide tooling, rigid setups, and moderate feeds. Avoid heavy forming in the hardened condition—D2 is not particularly ductile when hardened.
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