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Monel 400 (K400) pipe and tube is a premium nickel-copper alloy known for its exceptional corrosion resistance and high strength. It is widely used in chemical, marine, and industrial applications where durability and reliability are critical. Monel 400 pipes and tubes can withstand harsh environments, including seawater, acidic solutions, and alkaline conditions.
Manufactured in both seamless and welded forms, Monel 400 (K400) pipes and tubes offer superior mechanical properties. They maintain excellent structural integrity under high temperature and pressure, making them ideal for heat exchangers, condensers, and other demanding equipment in chemical processing plants.
Monel 400 contains approximately 63% nickel and 28–34% copper, along with small amounts of iron, manganese, and trace elements. This chemical composition ensures excellent resistance to both oxidizing and reducing environments, including acids, alkalis, and chloride-rich solutions, making it suitable for harsh industrial applications.
Monel 400 pipes and tubes offer high mechanical strength, with tensile strength ranging from 550–650 MPa and yield strength around 240–300 MPa. Elongation typically ranges from 30–40%, providing flexibility under mechanical stress. These properties make Monel 400 tubes suitable for high-pressure and high-demand piping systems.
The alloy's high resistance to stress corrosion cracking, pitting, and crevice corrosion ensures long service life even in aggressive environments. Monel 400 pipes and tubes are particularly favored in marine engineering, offshore applications, and desalination plants, where exposure to saltwater is constant.
Monel 400 (K400) pipe and tube is available in a wide range of sizes and dimensions to meet diverse industrial requirements. Its versatility and ease of fabrication make it suitable for welding, bending, and machining, enabling engineers to design customized piping systems efficiently.
Monel 400 exhibits outstanding corrosion resistance, including resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. Its ability to withstand aggressive chemicals, seawater, and chloride environments makes it highly reliable for marine and chemical processing applications where conventional stainless steels would fail.
Monel 400 tubes are usually supplied in the annealed condition to optimize corrosion resistance and mechanical performance. The material can be welded using standard nickel-copper alloy welding procedures. Additionally, it supports cold working operations such as bending, flanging, and forming, allowing for versatile fabrication in complex piping systems.
Specification Table
| Specification | Description |
|---|---|
| Alloy Name | Monel 400 / K400 |
| Material Type | Nickel-Copper Alloy |
| Standards | ASTM B165, ASTM B444, ASTM B127, ASTM B164 |
| Product Forms | Seamless Pipe, Welded Pipe, Tube |
| Sizes | Various diameters and thicknesses available on request |
| Temperature Range | Up to 1000°F (537°C) depending on application |
| Applications | Chemical processing, Marine engineering, Desalination plants, Heat exchangers |
| Key Features | Excellent corrosion resistance, High strength, Durability, Resistance to pitting and stress corrosion |
Chemical Composition (Typical ranges for SSS32760)
Note: Values are typical ranges. Final composition will be confirmed on MTC provided per lot.
| Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | 63.0 min |
| Copper (Cu) | 28.0 - 34.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | 2.0 max |
| Manganese (Mn) | 2.0 max |
| Carbon (C) | 0.30 max |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.50 max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.024 max |
Mechanical Properties (Typical)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 550 - 690 |
| Yield Strength (MPa) | 240 min |
| Elongation (%) | 30 min |
| Hardness (HRB) | 70 - 90 |
| Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | 140 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 8.8 |
| Melting Point (°C) | 1300 - 1350 |
Equivalent Grades
| Standard / Specification | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| ASTM | B127, B164, B165, B444 |
| ASME | SB127, SB164, SB165, SB444 |
| EN / DIN | 2.4360 (NiCu30Fe) |
| JIS | Ni 200 / K-400 |
| UNS | N04400 |
Dimension & Weight Chart (Selected common sizes)
Below is a representative chart showing outside diameter, wall thickness, inside diameter, cross-sectional area of metal and calculated weight per metre (kg/m). Values are calculated using density = 7.93 g/cm³ and are for guidance — use actual MTC values for procurement & engineering.
| Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) | Outside Diameter (mm) | Wall Thickness (mm) | Weight per Meter (kg/m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1/2" | 21.3 | 2.77 | 1.52 |
| 3/4" | 26.7 | 2.87 | 1.97 |
| 1" | 33.4 | 3.38 | 2.84 |
| 1 1/2" | 48.3 | 3.68 | 4.73 |
| 2" | 60.3 | 3.91 | 6.33 |
| 3" | 88.9 | 4.55 | 10.8 |
| 4" | 114.3 | 6.02 | 17.9 |
| 6" | 168.3 | 6.55 | 26.9 |
| 8" | 219.1 | 7.11 | 40.9 |
Types Of Monel 400 K400 Pipe Tubes and Tubes
SS S32760 Seamless Pipe
SS S32760 Welded Pipe
SS S32760 ERW Pipe
SS S32760S EFW Pipe
Low Temperature Carbon Steel A333S Seamless Tube
S32760H Super Duplex Steel Welded Tube
S32760 Super Duplex Steel Capillary Tube
S32760H Super Duplex Steel Heat Exchanger Tubes
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: What is Monel 400 / K400 pipe and tube?
A1: Monel 400, also known as K400, is a nickel-copper alloy pipe and tube known for excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and durability. It is widely used in chemical processing, marine, and industrial applications.
Q2: What are the common applications of Monel 400 pipes and tubes?
A2: Common applications include chemical processing equipment, heat exchangers, condensers, seawater systems, marine engineering, and desalination plants, where resistance to corrosion and high strength are essential.
Q3: What forms are available for Monel 400 / K400 pipe and tube?
A3: Monel 400 pipes and tubes are available in seamless and welded forms, in various sizes and dimensions to suit different industrial requirements.
Q4: What is the chemical composition of Monel 400 / K400?
A4: The alloy typically contains 63% minimum Nickel, 28-34% Copper, up to 2% Iron, up to 2% Manganese, 0.3% maximum Carbon, and 0.5% maximum Silicon, providing excellent corrosion resistance.
Q5: How does Monel 400 perform in corrosive environments?
A5: Monel 400 offers outstanding resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking in seawater and acidic or alkaline solutions, making it highly reliable for harsh conditions.
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